Political and legal views of L.A. Tikhomirov in the context of the formation of constitutional monarchy in Russia (1906-1914)

Abstract

Finding out the degree of study of the problem allowed us to determine the purpose and objectives of the study. The purpose of the article is to analyze the views of the neoconservative L.A. Tikhomirov on the issue of reforming the state structure of Russia in accordance with the provisions of the Manifesto of October 17, 1905, which defined the principles of the Basic state Laws of 1906 and implemented in political and legal reality. Its achievement requires, first of all, the solution of the following tasks: 1) attitude to the liberal theory and practice of state-building; 2) significant shortcomings of the Constitution of 1906; 3) characteristics of monarchical parties arising from L. Tikhomirov's concept.
As a result of the study, the following was determined. Criticizing the absolute monarchy that existed before 1906, he was more negative about the limited monarchy of the Basic State Laws of 1906, where the bearer of supreme power disappeared. He did not recognize the Constitution of 1906, because it did not meet national traditions and interests. L. Tikhomirov proceeded from the fact that the Basic Law, undermining the tsarist power, destroyed the Russian statehood, introducing into the state mechanism a legislative body alien to society (bicameral parliament) of power.
Conclusion. He was a supporter of the people's representation under the supreme power with advisory functions and proceeded from the fact that the supreme power is not a class, but a nationwide representation. Neither liberal parliamentarism nor socialist democracy were acceptable to Russia. It corresponds to an Orthodox autocratic monarchy with an indivisible Supreme Power, which acts as guarantors of effective interaction between the state, the collective and the individual.